G_Huntz

    Ikatan kimia adalah gaya yang mengikat atom-atom dalam molekul atau gabungan ion-ion dalam setiap senyawa. Konsep yang mendasari teori ikatan kimia adalah bahwa gas-gas mulia mempunyai susunan elektron yang stabil, setiap atom mempunyai kecenderungan untuk memiliki susunan yang stabil seperti gas-gas mulia, dan untuk menjadi stabil hanya dapat dicapai dengan berikatan dengan atom lain yaitu dengan cara  melepas, menangkap ataupun memakai elektron secara bersama-sama. Berikut adalah peta konsep dari materi ikatan kimia.

 

     Sistem periodik dapat dikatakan sebagai kitab suci bagi kimia. Dari tabel tersebut, kita dapat memperoleh banyak informasi yang sangat berguna dan tak ternilai harganya. Tabel periodik mampu memprediksi berbagai sifat materi di alam ini dengan tepat sehingga sangat berguna bagi manusia. Berikut ini adalah peta konsep sebagai intisari dari proses sejarah dan bagian dari tabel periodik.

     Cigarette is poisonous thing that give relax effect to our body. The reverse side of it's use and benefits, cigarette that very small, cigarette contain big danger for smoker or people around smoker. There are some reason why we must avoid from smoking.

a. By consume cigarette, we waste our money. Consume cigarette are equal we burn a lot of money for save many danger disease for our body. For example, a smoker spends 2 packs of cigarette a day and it's price are 1 dollar a pack. Imagine, if we smoke everyday, we burn 730$ for not useful thing.

b. Cigarette butt can burn anything. Many conflagration happens because someone throws cigarette butt everywhere near the thing that easily to burned. Cigarette butt also make public transportation and public place dirty. So, we will disturbed by cigarette butt.

c. Cigarette smoke disturbing many people around smoker.

d. Problem that very important are cigarette and it's smoke are very dangerous for our body. Cigarette contain more than 4000 chemical substances, among them 200 substances are poisonous and 43 kinds of them can make cancer for body. Some of the poisonous substance in cigarette are tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. Nicotine stimulates chemical substance in the brain so cause addiction and stimulates adrenaline glands produce hormone that disturb the work of heart. As the effect blood pressure and heart beat increase. Tar is oxidation waste, has black colored and very sticky. Tar is very dangerous because it is a carcinogenic material ( stimulator substance of cancer ); makes tooth, fingers, and nails of smoker become yellow blacked. Tar also make the stop of vibrating hair movement in respiratory tract. so the dangerous materials can't be prevented to enter respiratory tract. Carbon monoxide is imperfect burning result. People who sucks the smoke of cigarette, in his blood cells found that carbon monoxide replace oxygen so his body is lack of oxygen. Carbon monoxide also poisonous and causes death if our body are poisoned by carbon monoxide in relatively long time.

     So, we can conclude that smoking is stupid activity that sacrifice money, health, social life, positive perception and others. So, avoid smoking start from now!